Introduction: The Jewel of Kumaon
Nestled in the Kumaon foothills of the outer Himalayas at an altitude of 1,938 meters (6,358 feet), Nainital is one of India’s most beloved hill stations . Known as the “Lake District of Uttarakhand” and the “Jewel of Kumaon,” this picturesque town is built around a stunning pear-shaped lake, surrounded by seven majestic hills—Naina Peak, Deopatha, Ayarpatha, and others . The town’s name derives from “Naina” (meaning eyes) and “Tal” (meaning lake), referring to the emerald-eyed lake that forms its heart .
For over 175 years, Nainital has charmed visitors with its colonial-era architecture, serene lakes, and breathtaking Himalayan views. Whether you’re seeking a romantic escape, a family vacation, or a peaceful retreat, Nainital offers the perfect blend of natural beauty, adventure, and old-world charm. The town serves as the judicial capital of Uttarakhand, housing the High Court and the Governor’s residence .
History of Nainital: From Mythology to Colonial Retreat
The Mythological Origins
Nainital is deeply rooted in Hindu mythology and is considered one of the 64 Shakti Peethas—sacred sites where parts of Goddess Sati’s body fell . According to legend, when Lord Shiva was carrying the charred body of his wife Sati in grief, Lord Vishnu used his Sudarshana Chakra to cut the body into 51 pieces that fell across the earth. The spot where Sati’s left eye (Nain) fell came to be called Nainital, meaning “Lake of the Eye” .
The Skanda Purana refers to this place as Tri-Rishi-Sarovar—the lake of the three sages Atri, Pulastya, and Pulaha, who were reputed to have arrived here on a penitential pilgrimage and, finding no water, dug a hole and siphoned water from Mansarovar, the sacred lake in Tibet . The ancient Naina Devi Temple at the northern end of the lake honors this sacred connection .
The British Discovery (1839-1841)
Before the British arrived, the Kumaon Hills came under British rule after the Anglo-Nepalese War (1814-16) . In 1839, an English sugar trader from Rosa, Mr. P. Barron, and his friend, an avid hunter, strayed into the hills while hunting and got lost. While finding their way back, they chanced upon this wondrous spot. So enamored was Barron with the vision of the placid lake that he left the sugar business and built the first European house, Pilgrim Lodge, on the shores of the lake in 1841 .
In 1846, when Captain Madden of the Bengal Artillery visited, he recorded that “houses were rapidly springing up in most parts of the settlement” . The church, St. John in the Wilderness (1846), was one of the earliest buildings, followed by Belvedere, Alma Lodge, and Ashdale Cottage .
Growth as a Colonial Hill Station
By 1847, Nainital had become a popular hill resort. On October 3, 1850, the Nainital Municipal Board was formally constituted—the second Municipal Board of the North Western Provinces . In 1862, Nainital became the summer seat of the North Western Provinces . After being made the summer capital, the town expanded remarkably with magnificent bungalows, marketing areas, rest houses, recreation centers, clubs, the secretariat, and other administrative units .
Soon, the town became a health resort favored by British soldiers and colonial officials trying to escape the heat of the plains. To cater to the needs of their children, prestigious schools like the Diocesan Boys’ School (later renamed Sherwood College), St. Joseph’s College, St. Mary’s Convent High School, and the All Saints Diocesan High School for Girls sprang up .
The Great Landslip of 1880
On September 18, 1880, a devastating landslide occurred at the north end of the town, burying 151 people . During the preceding 40 hours, 20 to 25 inches of rain had fallen, making the hillside one mass of semi-fluid matter. The Victoria Hotel, the Naina Devi Temple, and the Assembly Rooms were destroyed . A recreation area known as “The Flats” was later built on the site, and a new Naina Devi Temple was erected . To prevent future disasters, storm water drains were constructed and building bylaws were made stricter .
Post-Independence Era
After India’s independence, Nainital remained an important town, becoming the summer capital of Uttar Pradesh and later the judicial capital of Uttarakhand . Today, it houses the Uttarakhand High Court and the Governor’s residence, Raj Bhavan . The town’s elite educational institutions, including Sherwood College and St. Joseph’s College, continue to attract students from across India.
Geography and Location
Geographic Coordinates
- Latitude: 29°23′ N
- Longitude: 79°27′ E
- Elevation: 1,938–2,084 meters (6,358–6,837 feet) above sea level
- Total Area: 11.73 sq km
Topography
Nainital is set in a valley containing a pear-shaped lake, approximately two miles in circumference, and surrounded by mountains . The lake is 1,433 meters long and 463 meters wide, with a maximum depth of 24.6 meters . The slopes of the nearby mountains are most populated, with an altitude ranging from 1,940 to 2,100 meters .
Surrounding Peaks
The town is encircled by several majestic peaks:
| Peak | Height (meters) | Height (feet) | Location |
|---|---|---|---|
| Naina Peak (China Peak) | 2,615 | 8,579 | North |
| Deopatha (Camel’s Hump) | 2,438 | 7,999 | West |
| Ayarpatha | 2,278 | 7,474 | South |
| Lariya Kanta | 2,482 | 8,144 | – |
| Sher ka Danda | 2,400+ | 7,874+ | – |
From the tops of these peaks, magnificent views can be obtained of the vast plain to the south or of the mass of tangled ridges lying north, bound by the great snowy range which forms the central axis of the Himalayas .
Hydrology
The Naini Lake is fed by 26 major drains, including three perennial drains. Balia Nala, the main stream feeding the lake, runs along a fault line . In 2007, an aeration program was implemented to oxygenate the lake water, helping restore its ecological health .
Flora and Fauna
Forests and Vegetation
Nainital is blessed with rich, diverse vegetation typical of the Kumaon Himalayas. The hills surrounding the town are covered with dense forests of:
- Deodar (Cedar): The dominant tree species
- Oak (Quercus): Found in abundance in higher reaches
- Pine: Common in lower elevations
- Rhododendron: Blooming in vibrant red during spring
- Cypress and Fir: Adding to the evergreen charm
Wildlife
The region supports a variety of Himalayan wildlife, particularly within the protected areas around Nainital:
Mammals:
- Leopards: Found in the surrounding forests
- Himalayan Black Bears: Present in higher altitudes
- Barking Deer: Commonly spotted
- Himalayan Yellow-throated Marten: A rare sight
- Langurs: Frequently seen near the lake
Birds:
- White-breasted Kingfisher: Found near water bodies
- Magpie Robin: Common in wooded areas
- Pied Bushchat: Often seen on open ground
- Cormorants: Two species inhabit the lake area
- Himalayan Monal: State bird of Uttarakhand, found in higher forests
Pt. G.B. Pant High Altitude Zoo
The Nainital Zoo, established in 1984, is one of the highest altitude zoos in India, spread over 4.7 hectares . It is home to:
- Snow Leopards: Endangered Himalayan species
- Siberian Tigers: Majestic big cats
- Himalayan Black Bears: Native to the region
- Various species of pheasants, deer, and antelope
Conservation Efforts
In recent years, significant efforts have been made to protect the lake’s ecosystem. The High Court issued orders banning boats after dusk and prohibiting swimming in the lake. The horse stand was moved to Kaludungi to prevent dung from entering the catchment area. Public latrines were constructed, and trashcans were strategically placed across the town .
How to Reach Nainital
By Air
Nearest Airport: Pantnagar Airport (approximately 70 km from Nainital)
- Airlines: Air India operates daily flights from Delhi
- Fare: Approximately ₹5,000 one way
- Onward Travel: Buses, taxis, and cabs are available from the air base to reach Nainital
By Train
Nearest Railway Station: Kathgodam (approximately 35 km from Nainital)
| Train Name | From Delhi | Departure | Arrival (Kathgodam) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ranikhet Express (15013) | Delhi | 10:05 PM | 5:05 AM |
| Shatabdi Express (12040) | Delhi | 6:00 AM | 11:40 AM |
From Kathgodam station, taxis, shared jeeps, and buses are available for the 1.5-hour drive to Nainital . The distance from Kathgodam to Nainital is approximately 35 km .
By Road
Nainital is well-connected by road to major cities in North India:
Road Conditions: The NH9 route is well-maintained and direct. Caution is advised around Rampur to Bilaspur, where construction and potholes are common, especially after rain . Once past Kathgodam, the ghat section begins—a beautiful uphill drive of about 35 km with sharp bends .
Bus Services: Regular state transport and private buses operate from Delhi’s ISBT Kashmere Gate, Dehradun, and Haridwar to Nainital . Volvo buses are also available for a comfortable journey.
Distances from Major Cities
| City | Distance (km) |
|---|---|
| Delhi | 310-315 |
| Dehradun | 276 |
| Haridwar | 300 |
| Rishikesh | 285 |
| Almora | 65 |
| Ranikhet | 56 |
| Bhowali | 11 |
| Bhimtal | 22 |
| Naukuchiatal | 26 |
| Mukteshwar | 50 |
| Corbett National Park | 150 |
| Agra | 450 |
| Jaipur | 600 |
Weather and Best Time to Visit
Climate Overview
Nainital experiences a pleasant subtropical highland climate with distinct seasons. Summers are mild and enjoyable, while winters are cold with occasional snowfall .
Month-by-Month Temperature Guide
Best Time to Visit by Season
Peak Season Considerations
- Peak Months: May to mid-July, and during Diwali festival (October-November)
- Crowds: Tourist traffic and hotel prices soar during these times
- Advance Booking: Essential for peak season travel
- Quiet Alternative: October-November offer fewer crowds with pleasant weather
Top Attractions and Places to Visit
1. Naini Lake – The Heart of Nainital
Naini Lake is the soul of Nainital, a pristine, kidney-shaped lake surrounded by lush green hills . Measuring approximately two miles in circumference, the lake is the town’s central attraction .
Activities:
- Boating: Paddle boats, rowboats, and small yachts are available for hire by the hour
- Yachting: Yachts can be hired from the Nainital Boat Club (₹160 per hour with a boatman)
- Evening Views: The night view is peaceful with reflections of town lights
Timings: Morning till evening (boats not permitted after dusk by High Court order)
Best Time: Early morning for serene views, evening for reflected lights
2. Naina Devi Temple – The Sacred Shakti Peetha
Located at the northern end of the lake, this ancient temple is one of the 64 Shakti Peethas . The temple is dedicated to Goddess Naina Devi, where Sati’s left eye is believed to have fallen .
Significance: One of the most sacred pilgrimage sites in Uttarakhand
Timings: 6:00 AM – 8:00 PM
Location: North shore of Naini Lake, near The Flats
3. Mall Road – The Social Hub
Mall Road is the bustling heart of Nainital, stretching along the eastern side of the lake . It connects Tallital and Mallital—the two main areas of the town .
Highlights:
- Shopping: Woolen garments, locally made candles, Tibetan handicrafts, walking sticks
- Famous Shops: Mehrotras House of Wax (oldest candle shop), The Pahari Store
- Eateries: Sakley’s Restaurant, Zooby’s Kitchen, Chandani Chowk
- Evening Scene: Lively atmosphere with street food vendors, musicians
Note: Vehicles are not permitted on Mall Road during busy hours.
4. Snow View Point – Panoramic Himalayan Views
Located at an altitude of 2,270 meters, Snow View Point offers breathtaking views of the snow-capped Himalayan peaks, including Nanda Devi, Trishul, and Nanda Kot .
How to Reach:
- Ropeway: Cable car from Mallital (5-minute ride)
- Fare: Approximately ₹300 for round trip
- Best Time: Arrive before 9:00 AM to avoid long queues
- Hiking: A short hike is also available for those who prefer walking
Facilities: Small amusement area for children, telescope for viewing peaks
5. Tiffin Top (Dorothy’s Seat) – A Beloved Viewpoint
Tiffin Top, also known as Dorothy’s Seat, is a popular picnic spot located at an altitude of 2,292 meters . It offers stunning views of the town and surrounding hills.
Significance: Named after Dorothy Kellet, an English artist who loved this spot
How to Reach: Small trek (20-30 minutes) or pony ride (₹300-1,000)
Best Time: Sunrise and sunset for spectacular photos
Activities: Picnics, photography, relaxation
6. The Nainital Zoo (Pt. G.B. Pant High Altitude Zoo)
One of the highest altitude zoos in India, spread over 4.7 hectares .
Inhabitants: Snow leopards, Siberian tigers, Himalayan black bears, pheasants, deer, antelope
Timings: 10:00 AM – 4:30 PM
Closed: Mondays and national holidays
Entry Fee: ₹100 for Indian adults, ₹50 for children; ₹200 for foreign adults, ₹100 for foreign children
7. Eco Cave Gardens
A fun and educational attraction featuring interconnected caves representing various animals .
Features:
- Six small caves representing different ecosystems
- Musical fountain show in the evening
- Great for families with children
Timings: 9:30 AM – 6:00 PM
8. Hanuman Garhi – Sunset Viewpoint
Located south of town, this temple is dedicated to Lord Hanuman and is the perfect spot for watching the sunset .
Significance: Offers spectacular views of the sun setting over the Himalayan peaks
Best Time: Late afternoon for sunset views
Location: 2 km from Mallital
9. Land’s End
A scenic viewpoint offering dramatic views of the Khudariya Stream and the surrounding valley .
Location: On the Ayarpatta hill
Access: Short walk from Tiffin Top
Best For: Photography, nature walks
10. Raj Bhavan (Governor’s House)
An impressive Victorian Gothic-style structure built in 1899, resembling a Scottish castle .
Features:
- 113 rooms spread over 220 acres
- 18-hole golf course with minimal fees
- Beautiful gardens and architecture
Tours: Begin at 11:00 AM, hourly
Architecture: Gothic style with strong resemblance to Windsor Castle
11. Thandi Sadak (The Quiet Walk)
A clay footpath winding down the western length of the lake, designated as a pedestrians-only area by High Court order .
Features:
- Peaceful walking experience away from crowds
- Lush greenery and birdwatching opportunities
- 26 species of birds identified in the area
- Fully shaded and romantic in the rain
12. Gurney House – Jim Corbett’s Home
The former residence of the famous hunter, writer, and conservationist Jim Corbett .
Location: Western side of the lake
Preservation: Well-preserved cottage with historical significance
Best For: History enthusiasts
13. St. John in the Wilderness Church
One of the earliest buildings in Nainital, built in 1844 .
Architecture: Impressive church with a tower looming more than 50 feet in height
Location: Above the High Court building on the north side of the lake
Services: Sunday gatherings still held
14. The Flats – Sports Ground
A recreation area built on the site of the 1880 landslide, now a bustling sports ground .
Activities: Cricket (October-April), hockey (April-June), football (monsoon season)
Location: Near Naina Devi Temple, flanked by a Gurudwara and a mosque
15. Bara Bazaar – Shopping Paradise
The main market for picking up souvenirs and local products .
Specialties: Locally made candles, woolens, handicrafts
Famous Shop: Mehrotras House of Wax—the oldest candle shop in Nainital
Adventure Activities in Nainital
Note: Snout Adventures and the Nainital Mountaineering Club offer organized trekking and climbing experiences .
Local Cuisine: What to Eat in Nainital
Must-Try Kumaoni Dishes
Popular Cafes and Restaurants
Street Food Highlights
- Bhutta (Roasted Corn): Available at Mall Road stalls, especially during evenings
- Momos: Tibetan Market, various street vendors
- Jalebis: Hot, crispy, and syrupy—a must-try
Shopping in Nainital
What to Buy
Markets to Explore
| Market | Location | Best For |
|---|---|---|
| Mall Road | Along the lake | Woolens, souvenirs, candles |
| Bara Bazaar | Near Tallital | Local products, daily essentials |
| Tibetan Market | Opposite Parade Ground | Handicrafts, jewelry, clothing |
Shopping Tips: Bargain politely—prices in tourist areas are often inflated. Carry cash, though many shops now accept UPI/credit cards.
Accommodation Options
Nainital offers accommodation for every budget and preference :
Luxury Stays (₹8,000–₹15,000+ per night)
Mid-Range Hotels (₹3,000–₹6,000 per night)
Budget Options (₹1,500–₹2,500 per night)
| Property | Features | Location |
|---|---|---|
| Hotel Himalaya | Decent accommodations, near bus stand | Tallital |
| Hotel Maharaja | Basic, good value | Near Mall Road |
| KMVN Tourist Rest House | Government-run, reliable | Various locations |
Heritage Properties
| Property | Features |
|---|---|
| Abbotsford | Boutique heritage homestay |
| Grand Hotel | Colonial-era charm on The Mall |
| Emily Lodge and Cafe | Heritage property with character |
Specialty Lodging
Booking Tips: Book well in advance for peak seasons (May-June, December) . During holidays and peak season, rooms fill fast—early booking is essential .
Nearby Places from Nainital
Sample Itineraries
2-Day Weekend Escape (From Delhi)
Day 1: Arrival and Mall Road
- Morning: Depart Delhi by 5:00-6:00 AM (7-8 hour drive)
- Afternoon: Check into hotel, freshen up
- Evening: Walk on Mall Road, visit Naina Devi Temple, dinner at Sakley’s
- Night: Boating on Naini Lake (if time permits)
Day 2: Viewpoints and Departure
- Morning: Cable car to Snow View Point (arrive by 9:00 AM to avoid queues)
- Afternoon: Visit Tiffin Top or Eco Cave Gardens, lunch at Café LakeSide
- Evening: Depart for Delhi
3-Day Complete Experience
Day 1: Arrival and Lake Exploration
- Arrive, check into hotel
- Evening: Mall Road walk, Naina Devi Temple, Naini Lake boating
Day 2: Viewpoints and Heritage
- Morning: Snow View Point (ropeway), Tiffin Top
- Afternoon: Raj Bhavan tour (11:00 AM hourly), St. John in the Wilderness Church
- Evening: Thandi Sadak walk, Hanuman Garhi sunset
Day 3: Nature and Departure
- Morning: Nainital Zoo, Eco Cave Gardens
- Afternoon: Shopping at Bara Bazaar and Tibetan Market
- Depart for Delhi
5-Day Nainital with Nearby Lakes
Day 1: Delhi → Nainital, evening Mall Road
Day 2: Nainital sightseeing (Snow View, Tiffin Top, Zoo, Temple)
Day 3: Day trip to Bhimtal and Sattal (boating, kayaking)
Day 4: Day trip to Naukuchiatal and Kainchi Dham
Day 5: Nainital → Delhi
Travel Tips for Senior Citizens & Families
Senior-Friendly Tips
- Accommodation: Choose hotels near the Mall Road to minimise walking
- Mobility: Cycle rickshaws are available for short distances
- Medical: Carry essential medicines; B.D. Pandey Hospital and other facilities are available
- Avoid Monsoon: Slippery terrain makes travel challenging
- Altitude: At 2,000 meters, altitude sickness is rare but possible—stay hydrated
Family Travel Tips
- Activities: Boating, zoo, Eco Cave Gardens—all kid-friendly
- Safety: Supervise children near the lake and on the ropeway
- Packing: Light woollens even in summer; sturdy shoes for walking
- Transport: Pre-book taxis for full-day sightseeing to avoid overcharges
General Travel Tips
- Best Route: Train to Kathgodam + taxi is most convenient for families
- Avoid Night Travel: Ghat roads are risky after dark, especially in the monsoon
- Power Backup: Check hotel reviews for backup power (frequent outages)
- Mobile Signal: Download offline maps; signal may drop on the hillside
- Emergency Numbers: Keep hotel desk, local hospital, and guide numbers handy
What to Pack
Photography Tip: Carry extra batteries—cold drains them quickly.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q1: Why is Nainital famous?
A: Nainital is famous for its stunning pear-shaped lake, scenic Himalayan views, colonial-era architecture, and as one of India’s most popular hill stations. It is known as the “Lake District of Uttarakhand” and is one of the 64 Shakti Peethas.
Q2: What is the best time to visit Nainital?
A: The best time to visit is March to June (pleasant summer weather) and September to November (clear skies, post-monsoon freshness).
Q3: How far is Nainital from Delhi?
A: The distance from Delhi to Nainital is approximately 310-315 km, with a travel time of 7.5-9 hours by road.
Q4: How do I reach Nainital by train?
A: Take a train to Kathgodam Railway Station (35 km from Nainital). Popular trains include Ranikhet Express (overnight) and Shatabdi Express (daytime). From Kathgodam, taxis and buses take about 1.5 hours.
Q5: Is Nainital safe for solo travellers?
A: Yes, Nainital is generally safe for solo travellers, including women. Avoid isolated areas after dark and take standard safety precautions.
Q6: Does Nainital have snowfall?
A: Yes, Nainital experiences occasional snowfall in December and January, especially in higher areas.
Q7: Is it safe to visit Nainital during the monsoon?
A: Monsoon (July-August) is not recommended due to heavy rainfall and landslide risk. Roads may be affected, and outdoor activities limited.
Q8: What is the height of Nainital?
A: Nainital sits at an average altitude of 1,938 meters (6,358 feet), with Naina Peak reaching 2,615 meters (8,579 feet).
Q9: How many days are enough for a Nainital trip?
A: 2-3 days are sufficient to cover the main attractions. A weekend trip (2 days) works well for a quick getaway, while 3 days allow a more relaxed pace.
Q10: What are the must-visit places in Nainital?
A: Must-visit attractions include Naini Lake, Naina Devi Temple, Mall Road, Snow View Point, Tiffin Top, Nainital Zoo, and Eco Cave Gardens.
Q11: Is Nainital suitable for a honeymoon?
A: Yes, Nainital is one of India’s most popular honeymoon destinations, offering scenic views, romantic walks, cosy cafes, and pleasant weather.
Q12: Are there adventure activities in Nainital?
A: Yes, activities include boating, cable car rides, horse riding, trekking, rock climbing, and kayaking at nearby lakes.
Q13: What is the story behind Nainital’s name?
A: “Naina” means eyes, and “Tal” means lake. According to mythology, the left eye of Goddess Sati fell here, creating the Naini Lake and giving the town its name.
Q14: What is the distance from Nainital to Bhimtal?
A: Bhimtal is approximately 22 km from Nainital, with a travel time of about 45 minutes.
Q15: What local food should I try in Nainital?
A: Must-try Kumaoni dishes include Aloo ke Gutke (spicy potatoes), Bhatt ki Churkani (black bean curry), Bal Mithai (sweet), and Singauri.
Plan Your Nainital Getaway with Discover Uttarakhand
At Discover Uttarakhand, we’ve been organising unforgettable journeys across Devbhoomi since 1997. As a trusted local operator with deep knowledge of Nainital and its surrounding attractions, we offer:
- ✅ Customised Nainital tour packages (2 to 5 days)
- ✅ Combined Nainital-Bhimtal-Ranikhet itineraries
- ✅ Comfortable transport with experienced hill drivers
- ✅ Verified accommodations ranging from budget to luxury
- ✅ Guided sightseeing with local experts
- ✅ 24/7 customer support throughout your journey
Recommended Nainital Packages
| Package | Duration | Highlights |
|---|---|---|
| Nainital Weekend Escape | 2 Nights / 3 Days | Naini Lake, Mall Road, Snow View Point, Naina Devi Temple |
| Nainital & Nearby Lakes | 3 Nights / 4 Days | Nainital, Bhimtal, Sattal, Naukuchiatal |
| Kumaon Explorer | 4 Nights / 5 Days | Nainital, Bhimtal, Ranikhet, Kainchi Dham |
| Nainital with Corbett | 5 Nights / 6 Days | Nainital lakes + Corbett National Park safari |
Book your Nainital getaway today and experience the timeless charm of the Queen of Lakes.
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